When Mexico achieved its independence from Spain in 1821, New Mexico became a province of Mexico, and trade was opened with the United States. Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley of the Confederate army and Colonel Edward R.S. The US surveyors working with the commission also had instructions to look for a practical railroad route to the Pacific, close to the boundary, and to ascertain the agricultural possibilities of the new country. 1912. Some state parks remain closed to camping and will operate on a limited schedule: Brantley Lake State Park will be open Thursday – Sunday for day use access from 6 a.m. – 9 p.m. El Vado Lake State Park is closed for the season. A state constitution was then written in 1910 and Congress took up statehood for New Mexico … “Wage merciless war against all hostile tribes, force them to their knees, and then confine them to reservations where they could be Christianized and instructed in agriculture.”. In 1912, New Mexico was granted statehood. That slip meant withdrawing five or six thousand square miles from the United States and losing a potentially rich farming district in the Mesilla valley. One Santa Fe attorney, for example, was reported by a local newspaper in 1894 to have an interest in seventy-five grants and to own outright nearly two million acres. Widespread support for the Pueblo cause drew national attention, and the immediate result was the defeat of the Bursum Bill. Legitimate descendants of grantees seldom possessed their original papers, and some of those who did, through fear or distrust of the alien legal procedures now imposed upon them, failed to bring the documents forward to receive new patents for their lands. But it was what followed that proved more disturbing to the residents of the Tularosa Basin. At the end of the day Col. Canby’s men retreated toward Fort Craig. If it had passed, this bill would have spelled disaster for the Pueblo peoples because it would have meant the permanent loss of some of their best, irrigated land. For those men for whom railroading or mining held little attraction, the territory’s plains and basins, from which the last hostile Indians were then being cleared, provided abundant room for staking out a princely sheep or cattle ranch. These gifts were honored alongside the original Spanish staffs; even today, when the Pueblos inaugurate their governors each January 1, both canes are ceremoniously conveyed to the new officials. Marc Simmons Added to those considerations, the territory’s long eastern border with Texas and the vast distances separating her from the northern states would prevent help from arriving should New Mexicans try to avoid the inevitable take over. One result of such hostility was that New Mexicans for more than sixty years were repeatedly checkmated in their efforts to achieve statehood. New Mexico An Interpretive History The State of New Mexico has designated several days each calendar year as state holidays. Sibley’s brigade held the fort and that, together with a lift in morale, was about all that had been gained. Under the circumstances, the majority of the Navajo agreed, and they surrendered. The bloody disorders in southern New Mexico that came to be known as the Lincoln County War (1878 – 1881) attracted even greater attention. It was not lost on the tribes seeking plunder or bearing old grudges that the white men were fighting among themselves, abandoning forts, and withdrawing troops for duty in the East. In 1924 Congress passed the Pueblo Lands Act, which recognized once and for all the land rights of the Pueblo peoples and provided compensation for the property, which under the law, non-Indians were to give up to the Pueblos. Many of these people waged fierce court battles and appeared at congressional hearings in a bid to keep their land, but one by one, over succeeding years, they lost out and were displaced. Many newcomers found that millions of acres of the best land for farming, ranching, and logging lay beyond their grasp. Effective February 27, camping will reopen to all visitors by reservation only. President Lincoln, hearing of the custom and wishing to honor the Pueblos for remaining neutral during the Civil War, prepared a new set of canes, each with a silver crown upon which was engraved the name of the pueblo, the date of 1863, and the signature A. Lincoln. Washington and Lincoln’s birthdays are combined and known as President’s Day which is celebrated on the third Monday in February. Victory was snatched from the Rebels’ hands when Major John M. Chivington of the volunteers delivered a wholly unexpected thunderbolt. Winning the West became a crucial aspect of winning the war for the Confederacy. The response from both Hispanics and Anglos was so generous that afterward Theodore Roosevelt would claim that half the officers and men of his famous Rough Riders Regiment came from New Mexico. The following list contains the state holidays recognized by New Mexico. Such hard, inhospitable country – much of it then in Lincoln County – attracted a certain breed of men. An official project of the New Mexico State Centennial in 2012, it was jointly funded by the University of New Mexico Libraries and the Center for Regional Studies. A central issue was the uphill job of adapting to a new pace and pattern of life, one ruled by a different philosophy. 264 likes. The stamp pictures “Shiprock,” a rock formation rising over 1,500 feet above the surrounding area. The Army drops charges of an alleged cover-up in the My Lai massacre against four officers. Placing Militia Colonel Kit Carson in charge of troops in the field, the general sent his men to harry the tribe into submission. New Mexico: Jan. 6, 1912 47th. "For years and years, we had people line up overnight to ...read more, At the close of business on January 6, 2008, the Walt Disney World Resort theme park known as Disney-MGM Studios officially shut its doors after almost a decade of operation. The trials were a result of action that occurred in March 1968. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. In the Cerrillos Hills south of Santa Fe, Pueblo Indians for centuries had worked open-pit turquoise mines, removing some one hundred thousand tons of waste rock, with nothing more than muscle and primitive tools. The area offered an advantageous route for a transcontinental railway entirely on American soil, and its acquisition concluded the final adjustment of our border with Mexico. The last point was particularly important, because the Indians, holding some of the best-irrigated agricultural lands in the territory, were constantly bothered by trespassers and squatters. Upon that vexation were piled others – problems with hostile Indians and outlaws, problems of education and economics, difficulties involving land and water rights and territorial boundaries. For that reason, the Hispanic majority tended to lean toward statehood; with the right to elect their own officials, they could easily put native New Mexicans into the highest offices. John Collier, the young poet invited to New Mexico by Mable Dodge Luhan, took it upon himself to travel with Tony Luhan from pueblo to pueblo to let the Indians leaders know what was being proposed for them. The grand strategy developed by Southern leaders showed plainly that as a first step toward westward expansion, New Mexico must be brought into the Confederacy. On his deathbed, Edward supposedly designated Harold the royal heir, but this claim was disputed by William, duke of Normandy and cousin ...read more, After a bitterly contested election, Vice President Al Gore presides over a joint session of Congress that certifies George W. Bush as the winner of the 2000 election. Throughout the Southwest, railroad promotion was in the air, and in New Mexico’s rugged mountain ranges, prospectors with picks and hammers were beginning to uncover deposits of gold, silver, copper, and other minerals. Arizona and New Mexico, however, did not allow Indians to vote in national and state elections until 1948, when a federal court ruled that all states had to give Indian peoples the right to vote. Erna Fergusson The recently widowed, Virginia-born Martha was an educated mother of two. On January 6, 1912, New Mexico is admitted into the United States as the 47th state. From the outset, the newly formed Confederacy cast covetous eyes westward, where it dreamed of creating an empire that would reach the Pacific. New Mexico Territory was established in December 1850, including most of present-day … Cookie Settings. Although that body succeeded in adjudicating all claims by 1903, it sowed the seeds of future discord by accepting and continuing a precedent regarding community grants that had been laid down by earlier courts. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Effective February 24, 2021, New Mexico State Parks will be open for day use hours to all visitors. Even more lustrous was the Historical Society of New Mexico, founded in 1859, probably the first such scholarly body to appear anywhere in the Far West. New Year’s Day (January 1) National History Day in New Mexico from the New Mexico Humanities Council, Albuquerque, NM. Besides the merchants and soldiers, there were the lawyers in frock coats and bat-wing collars. The federal government failed to provide adequate supplies to support the Indians during the period that they were getting established. The tribe would have to emigrate to a government reservation at Bosque Redondo, Carson told them, but that was preferable to annihilation. New York: July 26, 1788 11th: The 11th of the original 13 … Beyond the Pecos, they followed a pass through a ridge of mountains and emerged upon the western slope to see, dipping before them, the shimmering expanse of the Tularosa Basin and the distant dark ridge of the San Andres Range. Complete lawlessness soon reigned, as rustlers and gunfighters arrived from all parts of the Southwest to take advantage of the turmoil. Notes: Day-Use Passes may be purchased at park or at 1-888-667-2757 or online. Created by television legend Merv Griffin and hosted since the early 1980s by Pat Sajak and Vanna White, Wheel is one of the most popular television shows in ...read more, Joan of Arc, the "Maid of Orléans," is believed to have been born on January 6, 1412. The Devin-Adair Co., Old Greenwich, Conn., 1972. C.L. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1977, “A Soldier’s Experience in New Mexico” University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1977, Tularosa, Last of the Frontier West The most troublesome Indians were placed on a train and sent to Fort Marion, Florida, as prisoners of war. The code, designed to protect slave owners and their property, was more an expression of Otero’s own Pro-Southern sympathies than it was a sign of any fundamental shift in attitude among territorial residents. Of several newspapers that shortly began printing in the territory, one, the Weekly Gazette, called attention in 1856 to the newly formed Santa Fe Literary Club (whose president, interestingly, was a native New Mexican, Nicholas Quintana) dedicated to the expansion of knowledge and the holding of debates on burning questions of the day. The Colfax County War (1875 – 1878), one of the more prominent disturbances, pitted claimants of the nearly two-million-acre Maxwell Land Grant against squatters who had settled on what they regarded as public domain. Territorial disputes were resolved and economic progress took place with the arrival of the Atchison, … Acknowledgments The last phase came to an end when Sheriff Pat Garrett shot down Billy the Kid at Fort Sumner. Within a short time after establishment of the American legal system, complications arising from these Hispanic practices produced a tangled web of claims and counterclaims and opened the way for speculators to obtain, often through deceit and fraud, a controlling interest in some of the most valuable grants. Standing firm, he had forced the U.S. government to compromise and in so doing had chiseled himself a niche in the history of southern New Mexico. Privately printed, Las Cruces, 1931. When the storm broke, splitting the country in half, New Mexico unexpectedly found herself part of the theater of conflict. But is was here that John Prather, after some shifting about, settled on a spot with fair grass below the Sacramento Mountains and went to raising cattle. Scientists living with their families in almost complete seclusion soon produced the first atomic bomb and tested it on July 16, 1945, at the Trinity Site in the desolate White Sands of southern New Mexico. This resulted in their land remaining a US territory until 1912, with officials appointed from Washington. At the ranch, Prather’s kin had arrived, twenty-five in all, and they joined in fortifying the main house in preparation for a siege. No federal or state leader had even informed them that an Indian land bill was being considered. The hills surrounding ...read more, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces to Congress that he is authorizing the largest armaments production in the history of the United States. By 1910, the U.S. Census recorded New Mexico’s Territory population at 327,301 people, several railroads were in full operation and President Taft finally decided to pay New Mexico a visit. New Mexico at that time already possessed one of the oldest mining industries in America. Feb 9, 2010. Calvin & Susan Roberts As a result, New Mexico lost ground, for its northern boundary was pulled back to the parallel of 37 degrees. Gradually, of course, by a process of accretion, American ways made inroads. Joan was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle ...read more, Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, dies at Sagamore Hill, his estate overlooking New York’s Long Island Sound. Project submission & registration deadline: April 16. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1968. Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving, among the early participants in that activity, took their first herd of longhorns to New Mexico in the summer of 1866. By and large, the Pueblos had to wait until the opening decades of the twentieth century before much notice was taken of them, but Abraham Lincoln offered one small gesture acknowledging their existence in 1863. You find them all here in every one of New Mexico's six regions. “Many newspapers in the East,” he later told an interviewer, “were dubious about our loyalty we having such a large Mexican population.” Hoping to lay suspicions to rest, Governor Otero issued a call to every town and ranch in the territory for volunteers and offered his own services, if needed. But the changes beginning to take place and the society that was emerging showed only marginal similarities with the development then going on in other areas of American’s West. Acknowledgments Adventure awaits at every corner. Weather forecasts for all towns and cities in New Mexico State To purchase the New Mexico State Parks Passes online click here. Another outcome was that it left the frontier open to attack by hostile Indians. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Having no desire to compete with either the established ranchers or the encroaching sodbusters, they kept moving. Arizona was carved from the western half of New Mexico in 1863. Pueblo leaders traveled to Washington, D.C., to appear before Congress. 1912 - January 6 - New Mexico admitted to the Union as the 47th state. The telegraph, a device which used electric impulses to transmit encoded messages over a wire, would eventually revolutionize ...read more. Kearny appointed Charles Bent, a Santa Fe trail trader living in Taos… New Mexico’s journey from colony to statehood Contested Territory: New Mexico’s Long, Twisted Path from Colony to Statehood. One result of such hostility was that New Mexicans for more than sixty years were repeatedly checkmated in their efforts to achieve Walk-in/bicycle . Later inhabitants include American Indians of the Mogollon and Ancestral Pueblo peoples cultures. 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