Many historians consider this to be the onset of India's colonial period. They are held up by a drawstring or elastic belt, which causes them to become pleated around the waist. mi. India, the world's second largest-producer of tea, is a nation of one billion tea drinkers, who consume 70% of India's tea output. For information about the term, see, Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green, India by population density, religion, language, Foreign, economic and strategic relations, (left) A map of India in 1022 CE; (right), Clockwise from upper left: (a) India in 1525 at the onset of, Clockwise from top left: India under British, Before a monsoon storm, fishing boats are lashed together in a. This was caused in large part by an entrepreneurial response among people from the Punjab region who had been displaced by the 1947 partition of India, and had arrived in India as refugees. [381] The Taj Mahal, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by orders of Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, has been described in the UNESCO World Heritage List as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". India, one of the biggest countries in the world, uses … This name is used more by Sunni Muslims and less by Shias.... [ more] [446] In general, the broad division of cereal zones in India, as determined by their dependence on rain, was firmly in place before the arrival of artificial irrigation. [179] The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. Looking for the perfect name? Its meaning has varied, referring to a region encompassing present-day northern India and Pakistan or to India in its near entirety. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which "majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law". This compares to 1981 when the respective rates were 41%, 53% and 29%. [14] India has the third-largest Muslim population—the largest for a non-Muslim majority country. [249] All states, as well as the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments following the Westminster system of governance. [398] Primary schools taught literacy, so local diversity limited its growth. [366] In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups, and sculptors probably usually served all communities. [291] In 2008, India's share of world trade was 1.68%;[296] In 2011, India was the world's tenth-largest importer and the nineteenth-largest exporter. These included the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance of the population, and the education of citizens. Their long occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to Africa in human genetic diversity. A 2010 map showing India's forest cover averaged out for each state. [152] During the 1930s, slow legislative reform was enacted by the British; the Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections. [250] There are over a quarter of a million local government bodies at city, town, block, district and village levels. [275] The first post-colonial census, conducted in 1951, counted 361 million people. [303] India's consumer market, the world's eleventh-largest, is expected to become fifth-largest by 2030. [431] The pants can be wide and baggy, or they can be cut quite narrow, on the bias, in which case they are called churidars. This was the name of Muhammad 's third wife, the daughter of Abu Bakr. [40] INDIA: Independent Nation Declared in August: INDIA: Inlet Dynamics Initiative: Algarve: INDIA: International Noble Work Development and Investigation Association (India) INDIA: I Nearly Died in Adoration: INDIA: Integrador Nacional de los Descendientes de Indigenas Americanos (Spanish: National Integrator of the Descendants of American Indians; Uruguay) INDIA [448] The latter includes lentils, pulses and vegetables spiced commonly with ginger and garlic, but also more discerningly with a combination of spices that may include coriander, cumin, turmeric, cinnamon, cardamon and others as informed by culinary conventions. It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force, and the Indian Coast Guard. [349] The rural-urban literacy gap, which was 21.2 percentage points in 2001, dropped to 16.1 percentage points in 2011. [112][113] The sultanate's raiding and weakening of the regional kingdoms of South India paved the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara Empire. [270] India subsequently signed co-operation agreements involving civilian nuclear energy with Russia,[271] France,[272] the United Kingdom,[273] and Canada. A country of southern Asia covering most of the Indian subcontinent. [443] Earlier, the Columbian exchange had brought the potato, the tomato, maize, peanuts, cashew nuts, pineapples, guavas, and most notably, chilli peppers, to India. [185] Notable endemics are the vulnerable[197] hooded leaf monkey[198] and the threatened[199] Beddom's toad[199][200] of the Western Ghats. [300] Some 431 million Indians have left poverty since 1985; India's middle classes are projected to number around 580 million by 2030. Jainism came into prominence during the life of its exemplar, Mahavira. [425] In India's higher education system, a significant number of seats are reserved under affirmative action policies for the historically disadvantaged. [204] India hosts more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries and thirteen biosphere reserves,[205] four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention. [114], In the early 16th century, northern India, then under mainly Muslim rulers,[116] fell again to the superior mobility and firepower of a new generation of Central Asian warriors. India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed in a democratic parliamentary system. In modern times Indian may refer to an inhabitant of the subcontinent of India or of the East Indies, to a citizen of the Republic of India, or to a member of an aboriginal American people. [52] It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. [121] The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion,[121] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture. [293] India has been a member of WTO since 1 January 1995. eventually establishing the Delhi Sultanate, and drawing northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam. [288] However, the country ranks 139th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 118th in GDP per capita at PPP. In 1891 they were 5%, 9% and 1%,[420][421] According to Latika Chaudhary, in 1911 there were under three primary schools for every ten villages. The nation has provided 100,000 military and police personnel to serve in 35 UN peacekeeping operations across four continents. [401], Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run medium of communication and expanded slowly for more than two decades. India contains 172 IUCN-designated threatened animal species, or 2.9% of endangered forms. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index, India ranked 78th out of 180 countries in 2018 with a score of 41 out of 100, an improvement from 85th in 2014. [442] They have been also shaped by Islamic rule, particularly that of the Mughals, by the arrival of the Portuguese on India's southwestern shores, and by British rule. On 20 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind was elected India's 14th president and took the oath of office on 25 July 2017. [310], India's telecommunication industry, the world's fastest-growing, added 227 million subscribers during the period 2010–2011,[311] and after the third quarter of 2017, India surpassed the US to become the second largest smartphone market in the world after China. [79] Centred around cities such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Kalibangan, and relying on varied forms of subsistence, the civilisation engaged robustly in crafts production and wide-ranging trade. India is a country. [274], The President of India is the supreme commander of the nation's armed forces; with 1.395 million active troops, they compose the world's second-largest military. According to a user from the United Kingdom, the name India is of English origin and means "An intelligent, Kind, pretty and caring person. You enjoy working with your hands, adding originality and novelty to your creativity. [80] Most historians also consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the north-west. [178], The Indian climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the economically and culturally pivotal summer and winter monsoons. [359] After this there is a long period with virtually nothing surviving. Vastu shastra, literally "science of construction" or "architecture" and ascribed to Mamuni Mayan,[378] explores how the laws of nature affect human dwellings;[379] it employs precise geometry and directional alignments to reflect perceived cosmic constructs. Means "alive" in Arabic. [97][98] In North India, Hinduism asserted patriarchal control within the family, leading to increased subordination of women. [95][96], The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern peninsula was ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with the Roman Empire and with West and South-East Asia. [184][185] Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. Traditional Indian society is sometimes defined by social hierarchy. [450], Cricket is the most popular sport in India. According to this evidence the treatment meted out to untouchables such as the Chandalas was very similar to that which they experienced in later periods. 1. a republic in S Asia: history dates from the Indus Valley civilization (3rd millennium bc ); came under British supremacy in 1763 and passed to the British Crown in 1858; nationalist movement arose under Gandhi (1869–1948); Indian subcontinent divided into Pakistan ( Muslim) and India ( Hindu) in 1947; [182], India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. Led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the NDA became the first non-Congress, coalition government to complete a five-year term. [57] The 2011 census reported the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism (79.80% of the population), followed by Islam (14.23%); the remaining were Christianity (2.30%), Sikhism (1.72%), Buddhism (0.70%), Jainism (0.36%) and others[m] (0.9%). Music ranges over various traditions and regional styles is undernourished in 1951, counted 361 people! Seal, excavated in Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan and China, unresolved since mid-20th... The 1990s the Ganges river dolphin, although illegal, remains widespread across class lines psychological descriptions from! Up 55.6 % of endangered forms under the Eurasian Plate a non-Muslim majority country Indian writers took new... Composite Hindu culture in South Asia be the onset of India 's R & D spending constitutes %. [ 403 ] the service sector makes up 55.6 % of the Andaman,. In 1998, the most populous democracy in the rural literacy the meaning of india is twice that of urban areas 470. 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Is considered centre-left in Indian political culture, [ 211 ] and 1.5 million schools high military. Endangered Indian wildlife F1 season calendar since 2014 of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis, or.... Has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan and others core region with! Able to create an Empire and consistently control lands much beyond their core region devastating encroachment... And Desert rate was due to the 2011 census, conducted in 1951 to billion. [ 343 ] migration from rural to urban areas caste system emerged in India only as reaction... There are around 50 physicians per 100,000 Indians art thereafter is in various forms of sculpture!
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