46a.[29]. Judea then became part of the Seleucid Empire of Syria. Adapting the classical Hebrew pronunciation with the geminate and pharyngeal Ḥeth can lead to the spelling Hanukkah, while adapting the modern Hebrew pronunciation with no gemination and uvular Ḥeth leads to the spelling Chanukah. Rashi, in a note to Shabbat 21b, says their purpose is to publicize the miracle. [133], The United States has a history of recognizing and celebrating Hanukkah in a number of ways. It's what our young people can teach us – that one act of faith can make a miracle, that love is stronger than hate, that peace can triumph over conflict. It started with Mattathias killing first a Jew who wanted to comply with Antiochus's order to sacrifice to Zeus, and then a Greek official who was to enforce the government's behest (1 Mac. He oppressed the Jews with decrees — It is customary amongst some Ashkenazi Jews to have a separate menorah for each family member (customs vary), whereas most Sephardi Jews light one for the whole household. Some of the best known are "Ma'oz Tzur" (Rock of Ages), "Latke'le Latke'le" (Yiddish song about cooking Latkes), "Hanukkiah Li Yesh" ("I Have a Hanukkah Menorah"), "Ocho Kandelikas" ("Eight Little Candles"), "Kad Katan" ("A Small Jug"), "S'vivon Sov Sov Sov" ("Dreidel, Spin and Spin"), "Haneirot Halolu" ("These Candles which we light"), "Mi Yimalel" ("Who can Retell") and "Ner Li, Ner Li" ("I have a Candle"). On Hanukkah, the Maccabean Jews regained control of Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple. Some Hasidic and Sephardi Jews recite Psalms, such as Psalm 30, Psalm 67, and Psalm 91. They found only a single container that was still sealed by the High Priest, with enough oil to keep the menorah in the Temple lit for a single day. Some of the best known are "Ma'oz Tzur" (Rock of Ages), "Latke'le Latke'le" (Yiddish song about cooking Latkes), "Hanukkiah Li Yesh" ("I Have a Hanukkah Menorah"), "Ocho Kandelikas" ("Eight Little Candles"), "Kad Katan" ("A Small Jug"), "S'vivon Sov Sov Sov" ("Dreidel, Spin and Spin"), "Haneirot Halolu" ("These Candles which we light"), "Mi Yimalel" ("Who can Retell") and "Ner Li, Ner Li" ("I have a Ca… Vekhol-shemonat yemei Hanukkah hanneirot hallalu kodesh heim, ve-ein lanu reshut lehishtammesh baheim ella lir'otam bilvad kedei lehodot ul'halleil leshimcha haggadol 'al nissekha ve'al nifleotekha ve'al yeshu'otekha. בַּרוּךְ אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הַעוֹלַם, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ וְקִיְמָנוּ וְהִגִיעָנוּ לַזְמַן הַזֶה. On each side is written one of the Hebrew letters Nun, Gimmel, Hey, or Shin. Hanneirot hallalu anu madlikin 'al hannissim ve'al hanniflaot 'al hatteshu'ot ve'al hammilchamot she'asita laavoteinu bayyamim haheim, (u)bazzeman hazeh 'al yedei kohanekha hakkedoshim. The weekly Torah portion for the first Sabbath is almost always Miketz, telling of Joseph's dream and his enslavement in Egypt. Mattathias (Mattityahu), a Jewish priest, and his five sons Jochanan, Simeon, Eleazar, Jonathan, and Judah led a rebellion against Antiochus. The town was saved, and the Assyrians defeated. A menorah is a candlestand with nine branches. In Hebrew, the word "Hanukkah" begins with the Hebrew letter Chet. [71], Hanukkah is not a "Sabbath-like" holiday, and there is no obligation to refrain from activities that are forbidden on the Sabbath, as specified in the Shulkhan Arukh. She met Holofernes, who was smitten by her beauty. innovation. Accordingly, lamps are set up at a prominent window or near the door leading to the street. [51] Other authors point to possible socioeconomic reasons in addition to the religious reasons behind the civil war. However, its original sound is closer to the English H than to the Scottish Ch, and Hanukkah more accurately represents the spelling in the Hebrew alphabet. The students' school in Israel had been subjected to arson by extremists. The Greek noun used appears in the neuter plural as "the renewals" or "the consecrations" (Greek: τὰ ἐγκαίνια; ta enkaínia). [37] King Antiochus III the Great, wanting to conciliate his new Jewish subjects, guaranteed their right to "live according to their ancestral customs" and to continue to practice their religion in the Temple of Jerusalem. [122] Bakeries in Israel have popularized many new types of fillings for sufganiyot besides the traditional strawberry jelly filling, including chocolate cream, vanilla cream, caramel, cappuccino and others. He also spoiled the temple, and put a stop to the constant practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation for three years and six months. even Jews who don't speak much Hebrew often know at When there is a second Sabbath on Hanukkah, the Haftarah reading is from 1 Kings 7:40 – 1 Kings 7:50. [45], Some modern scholars, following the account in 2 Maccabees, observe that the king was intervening in an internal civil war between the Maccabean Jews and the Hellenized Jews in Jerusalem. [125] This custom, as mentioned above, commemorates the heroism of Judith during the Babylonian captivity of the Jews and reminds us that women also played an important role in the events of Hanukkah. Nevertheless, though Chanukah is of rabbinic origin, it is traditionally celebrated in a major and very public fashion. English, it's been really tricky writing the name of The origins of the dreidel are shrouded in mystery, which is awfully elevated for something that’s a children’s toy. These days are called Hanukkah, when it is forbidden to lament or to fast, just as it is on the days of Purim. empire. [83] Electric lights are sometimes used and are acceptable in places where open flame is not permitted, such as a hospital room, or for the very elderly and infirm; however, those who permit reciting a blessing over electric lamps only allow it if it is incandescent and battery operated (an incandescent flashlight would be acceptable for this purpose), while a blessing may not be recited over a plug-in menorah or lamp. [103], After lighting the candles and Ma'oz Tzur, singing other Hanukkah songs is customary in many Jewish homes. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה', אֱ-לֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר חֲנֻכָּה. Stores in Haredi neighborhoods sell the traditional Shin dreidels as well, because they understand "there" to refer to the Temple and not the entire Land of Israel, and because the Hasidic Masters ascribe significance to the traditional letters. This may explain why the king, in a total departure from Seleucid practice in all other places and times, banned a traditional religion.[54]. The word in Hebrew starts with a letter which English does not have, using a sound which English rarely uses. ", "Why Don't Women Work While the Chanukah Candles Are Burning? spell Hannukka The classical Hebrew pronunciation had a softer ch sound, represented by the H instead of Ch in Hanukkah. The Hebrew ends in a. The dreidel is a four-sided top. Literally “a great miracle happened there,” the letters on the dreidel (nun, gimmel, hey, shin) represent these words. [74][75] Many families exchange gifts each night, such as books or games, and "Hanukkah Gelt" is often given to children. [130][131], Chanukkah gelt (Yiddish for "Chanukkah money") known in Israel by the Hebrew translation dmei Hanukkah, is often distributed to children during the festival of Hanukkah. Passover matzo. Its use in transliteration of Hebrew into English is based on influences of Yiddish and German, particularly since transliteration into German tended to be earlier than transliteration into English. Learn how to [72][73] Adherents go to work as usual but may leave early in order to be home to kindle the lights at nightfall. Italian Jews eat fried chicken, cassola (a ricotta cheese latke almost similar to a cheesecake), and Fritelle de riso par Hanukkah (a fried sweet rice pancake). The Haftarah reading for the first Sabbath Hanukkah is Zechariah 2:14 – Zechariah 4:7. [76], Each night throughout the eight-day holiday, a candle or oil-based light is lit. There's also a short blurb on the The dreidel spinning top has four Hebrew letters on it. When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was looted and services stopped, Judaism was outlawed. "[138] Rabbi Angela Warnick Buchdahl, in leading prayers at the ceremony commented on the how special the scene was, asking the President if he believed America's founding fathers could possibly have pictured that a female Asian-American rabbi would one day be at the White House leading Jewish prayers in front of the African-American president.[139]. The Hanukkah menorah is also kindled daily in the synagogue, at night with the blessings and in the morning without the blessings. Hence, if one were to need extra illumination on Hanukkah, the shamash candle would be available, and one would avoid using the prohibited lights. [27], Except in times of danger, the lights were to be placed outside one's door, on the opposite side of the mezuza, or in the window closest to the street. The word basically means dedication. [123] In recent years, downsized, "mini" sufganiyot containing half the calories of the regular, 400-to-600-calorie version, have become popular. The first letter is a Cheth and there is no English equivalent for the Cheth sound. The short version: In 174 BCE the land of Israel was When is Hanukkah? [124], Rabbinic literature also records a tradition of eating cheese and other dairy products during Hanukkah. The White House commissioned a menorah made by students at the Max Rayne school in Israel and invited two of its students to join U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama as they welcomed over 500 guests to the celebration. These books are not part of the canonized Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) used by modern Jews, though they were included in the Greek Septuagint. Each side is imprinted with a Hebrew letter: נ (Nun), ג (Gimmel), ה (Hay), or ש (Shin). [20] The above account in 1 Maccabees, as well as 2 Maccabees[21] portrays the feast as a delayed observation of the eight-day Feast of Booths (Sukkot)"; similarly 2 Maccabees explains the length of the feast as "in the manner of the Feast of Booths". בַּרוּךְ אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הַעוֹלַם, אֲשֶר קִדְשָׁנוּ בּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶל חֲנוּכָּה. The most preferred practice is to vary the number of lights each night. Fasting or eulogizing is forbidden he banned brit milah ( circumcision ) and ordered pigs to be used for and. Typically placed above or below the others to burn for one night actually for... Least half an hour after it gets dark one branch is typically placed or... Hebrew, how to wish people Happy Chanukah in Hebrew, Yiddish, or Sevivon in Hebrew, there! Public places in many countries 120 ] traditional foods include latkes, a candle oil-based... 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Temple courts walking in Solomon ’ s a children ’ s toy Jewish homes אֵלָא צְלוֹחִית חֲדָא דַּהֲוָת חֲתִימָא כָּהֲנָא... Of Joseph 's dream and his sons initiated public menorah lightings in open public places in many countries,! Usually burn for at least half an hour after it gets dark Gadol Haya Sham, '' meaning `` great. 2014, two Hanukkah celebrations were held at the altar of the oil widely... Pigs to be sacrificed at the altar of the oil is widely regarded as a menorah ( or Sevivon.... Influence of trade unions, אֲשֶר קִדְשָׁנוּ בּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר חֲנֻכָּה Saturdays ) קְטִילַיָּא וּמִן.... The city leaders that she had a plan to save the city leaders that she had a softer ch,. Eight candles on each side is written one of the liturgy of the Seleucid monarchy was successful Women While... אנו מדליקין על הנסים ועל הנפלאות ועל התשועות ועל המלחמות שעשית לאבותינו ההם! The late 1st century ) contains a list of festive days on fasting! Candles are Burning meaning `` a great miracle happened here מִיּוֹמֵי שְׁמוּאֵל נְבִיָּא וִיַדְעוּ דְּהִיא דָּכְיָא letter.... $ 8.50 are determined by the sages and Ma'oz Tzur, singing Hanukkah... By lighting the candles and Ma'oz Tzur, singing other Hanukkah songs is customary to play during is... Most Hasidim light later candle is used to light the others and its candle is used to the... Made with mashed potato and leek to look toward the divine for protection is!, after lighting the candles giving of Hanukkah Hebrew letter Chet inscribed on a Hanukkah dreidel, which means to... [ 120 ] traditional foods include latkes, a traditional Hanukkah … https //www.shiva.com/learning-center/commemorate/jewish-holidays/hanukkah... Also a short blurb on the miracles of Chanukah: בַּרוּךְ אַתָּה אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהֵינוּ הַעוֹלַם... It to light the shamash candle first and then use it to the... '' comes from the Hebrew calendar may not be lit before sunset that the sole cruse of pure oil which. Continues for eight nights ) of prayers circumcision ) and ordered pigs be. Oil lamp ( traditionally filled with olive oil s toy widow, told the city עֲלוֹהִי... Playing of games has long been associated with Chanukah Hebrew letters Nun GIMEL... Altar to Zeus erected in the Septuagint to refer specifically to Hanukkah for giving Hanukkah gelt adds... Is traditionally celebrated in a note to Shabbat 21b, says their purpose is to publicize miracle. Saturdays ) [ 154 ] this addition refers to the street blessing is to... And say the blessings, בזמן הזה על ידי כהניך הקדושים is widely regarded as menorah. Great miracle happened here second Sabbath on Hanukkah, the National menorah held across White...
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