Several scholars have indeed endorsed the view that some claims, such as contradictions or category mistakes, are false and do not make sense. Gallois, A., 1998, Occasions of Identity, Oxford: Clarendon Press. But the incompatible properties of a change are had at the two ends of the change, and hence at two different times. Intuitively, we would like to answer that there is only one. Transcendental Theology Meets Modal Metaphysics”, Mind, 120: 53–81. Persistence of Time, an Album by Anthrax. “Blood” slows the pace a little but not much. If the stage viewer eventually believes in four-dimensional collections of those stages—and she might well not—such a commitment is not an essential part of her theory of persistence. Finally, notice that the problem of permanent coincidence is no problem at all for the stage viewer, who did not appeal to a difference in temporal parts between the statue and the piece of clay to explain coincidence away (Sider 2001). Anthrax will mark the 30th anniversary of their fifth album, Persistence of Time with a comprehensive reissue that features many previously unreleased tracks. Cleve, J., 1986, “Mereological Essentialism, Mereological Conjunctivism, and Identity Through Time”, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 11 (1):141-156. Van Inwagen, P., 1990b, Material Beings, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. While this move certainly sounds promising, it is not obvious how time really comes into the picture. In the former case, (1) becomes. Genres: Thrash Metal. The same gloss helps us make sense of what it is for something to be extended or unextended in time. The kind of difference required by change is qualitative difference (not being perfectly identical), and not numerical difference (being two instead of one). Damiano Costa Extended simples have enjoyed a fair share of popularity and have been argued to be a possibility which flows from recombinatorial considerations (McDaniel 2007b, Saucedo 2011, Sider 2007), from quantum mechanics (Barnes and Williams, 2011) and from string theory (McDaniel 2007a). ), The Identities of Persons, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 117–40. Anthrax will mark the 30th anniversary of their fifth album, Persistence of Time with a comprehensive reissue that features many previously unreleased tracks. This solution does not require us to make any change to the timeless formulations of LNC and LL (it just follows that the relevant instances of LNC and LL will involve relations rather than properties). They’ve taken a big leap in the last couple of years and it’s been recognized. On the one hand, numerical identity is the binary relation that anything bears to itself, and to itself alone (Noonan and Curtis 2018). Their coming into existence is caused by the previous stages (Varzi 2003). Having this series of enduring objects in place, the question of the instant at which the table stops existing might translate into the question of which of those enduring entities is picked out by the term “table”. But they persist by being exactly located at temporally unextended regions. Suppose, further, that the bronze and the statue are numerically different from each other (for reasons why they should be, see § 2b). A similar argument has been proposed against the stage view as well. Does it mean that the coming into existence of the temporal part is an event which has no cause? Gilmore, C., 2006, “Where in the Relativistic World Are We?”, Philosophical Perspectives, 20: 199–236. However, it is awkward to attribute temporal relations to objects (consider “Alexander is 15 years after Socrates”) and we would naturally lean towards reinterpreting such attributions as attributions of temporal relations to events (“Alexander’s birth is 15 years after Socrates’ death”). But since the lump of clay existed before, and will exist after, the statue, the lump has some temporal parts that the statue does not have. On the other hand, the stage viewer, who identifies ordinary objects with stages, will claim that after the creation of the statue, the statue and the piece of clay are numerically identical. The second is that nothing survives this constant flux of change. In this simple form, the objection has a simple answer, that relies on the distinction between qualitative and numerical identity outlined in § 1a. One criterion that has been sometimes employed in order to evaluate metaphysical doctrines is Ockham’s razor, according to which a theory should refrain from making commitments if such commitments are not necessary to its theoretical success. Hinchliff, M., 1996, “The Puzzle of Change”, Philosophical Perspectives, 10: 119-136. Balashov, Y., 2014, “Relativistic Parts and Places: A Note on Corner Slices and Shrinking Chairs”, in Calosi, C. and Graziani, P. The first one has to do with the Law of Non-contradiction and Leibniz’s law. Whether or not this solution works in a presentist setting, it can hardly be applied in a non-presentist one. If perdurantism is true, the objection goes, there are systematic cases of coming into existence. If whole presence is defined as in (3), this will imply that objects will never gain or lose parts. An event persists through time by having different parts at different times. However, foes of perdurantism would insist that it is not possible to give up the identity condition so lightly. 3. This makes objects similar to events, for events too are also usually taken to have temporal parts. And that consequently that endurantism cannot simply be the doctrine that objects persist without having proper temporal parts. Simons, P., 2000a, “How to Exist at a Time When You Have No Temporal Parts,” The Monist, 83 (3): 419–36. However, an endurantist might respond that the number of entities is no more than the one required by the perdurantist solution. The move is a straightforward one for an endurantist to make. Quine, W. V. O., 1953, “Identity, Ostension and Hypostasis”, in his From a Logical Point of View, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 65–79. The stage viewer will probably adopt a similar answer in the modal case as well. The breaches of Articles 85 and 53 have persisted over a long period of time. This seems to require objects to exemplify properties at times. The second slightly more sophisticated form aims to show that change is incompatible with Leibniz’ law, also called the Indiscernibility of Identicals. It seems that both Tibbles and Tib would survive the accident. Section 3c reviewed an argument against perdurantism to the effect that it involved systematic and yet mysterious cases of coming into existence. These mereological and locative consequences of perdurantism are supposed to be counter-intuitive: intuitively, we would say that what we have in front of us in the cases described are a whole tree and a whole person, and that we are not extended in time like we are in space, or like events are supposed to be. The more cartoonish side of the band is missing here, trimmed in favor of a dark, uncompromising examination of society's dirty underbelly -- nearly every song rails against hatred and prejudice, but without an excess of optimism. Of course, the standard account does not come for free. It might be the case that some particular kinds of microphysical particles, such as bosons, allow for this kind of co-location (Hawthorne and Uzquiano, 2011). Hofweber, T., & Lange, M., 2017, “Fine’s fragmentalist interpretation of special relativity” Nous, 51(4), 871–883. The perdurantist too will believe that at any given time, a four-dimensional entity has all the parts it has at that time. Some endurantists remain unconvinced by the perdurantist amendment. On the one hand, consider events. (eds. Presumably, the aspect of the stage view which offends the most against our intuitions is the fact that it denies persistence. Hence, again, what is it for x to be wholly present at time t? This assumption might be taken to follow from a series of principles of location, most notably the principle of exactness, according to which anything that is in some sense in a dimension must also have an exact location in that dimension. Apart from these locative options, we have also remarked that there are non-locative theories of persistence, and that such theories require the rejection of spacetime unitism. Still, it is not difficult to find cases of perfect similarity. For the stage view takes ordinary expressions such as “statue-shaped object” to refer to instantaneous stages, and there is only one of them that exists at that time. The general idea is that closeness to intuitions or common sense constitutes a theoretical advantage that a view might have. The first is that everything always changes, and nothing remains perfectly similar to how it was just one instant before. This chapter presents contemporary theories of persistence from their most basic (§ 1a) to their most advanced forms (§ 1b and § 1c). The Persistence of Memory will soon become the manifest of Surrealism and the universal symbol of relativity: the relativity of time and human condition. Geographical information (i.e. ), The Blackwell Guide to Metaphysics, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. A different non-locative approach consists in trying to make sense of the endurantism/perdurantism distinction in terms of what is intrinsic to a time (Hawthorne 2006, Hofweber and Velleman 2011). Basic tracks recorded at A&M Studios and Conway Studios, Hollywood, CA. Wiggins, D., 1979, “Mereological Essentialism”, Grazer Philosophische Studien, 7: 297-315. One of the central debates of contemporary metaphysics is the debate as to whether only the present exists, or rather past, present and future all equally exist (Sider 2001). In this way, Persistence of Time is a fascinating paradox: A record obsessed with the inexorable passage of time and the dreams that steals from us — “Life and death are fighting for my time/I can’t seem to find the time…Time through the clock/Just keeps talking/It just walks any damn place/It feels like walkin'” — that achieves immortality for its creators. This often translates into the idea that such intuitions or beliefs should be preserved as much as possible, that is, until eventually proven false or at least significantly problematic (Sider 2001). Ordinary persisting objects are exactly located at the temporally extended region of their persistence only. Wilson, J. M., 2013, “A determinable-based account of metaphysical indeterminacy”, Inquiry, 56: 359-385. However, the ordinary middle-sized objects that populate our everyday life simply do not: they cannot share a same exact location. Journal of Philosophy, 91: 165–84. In place of a single persisting object, the stage view posits a series of numerically different instantaneous stages. Section § 3d reviewed an argument from ontological commitment against perdurantism. (How does perdurantism fare with this objection? Persistence of Time opens with “Time” a rager of a song loaded with guitar. In any case, it should be noted that so far, we have tried to characterize the notion of whole presence in mereological terms. However, the two views are clearly distinct. While at some earlier and later times the table definitely does or does not exist, there are some times at which it simply is indeterminate whether the table still exists. Ehring, D., 1997, Causation and Persistence, New York: Oxford University Press. Consider for example a tenseless statement of cross-time identity such as “I am identical to a young child”, in which I affirm my identity with my previous self. It might mean that they do not make sense (for this option, see the unintelligibility objection in § 3e). We should distinguish: (i) the mereological question of whether persisting objects have temporal parts, and (ii) the locative question of whether objects are exactly located at temporally extended, four-dimensional spacetime regions or rather at temporally unextended, three-dimensional regions only. [It] yields that if I have had exactly one bit of chalk in my hand for the last hour, then there is something in my hand which is white, roughly cylindrical in shape, and dusty, something which also has a weight, something which is chalk, which was not in my hand three minutes ago, and indeed, such that no part of it was in my hand three minutes ago. Location in Physics and the Metaphysics of Persistence”, Dialectica 70(3), 269-309. Burke, M., 1994, “Preserving the Principle of One Object to a Place: A Novel Account of the Relations among Objects, Sorts, Sortals and Persistence Conditions”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 54: 591–624. The title of the picture, too, offers some keys, as does the simple, technical challenges presented in such a composition. They would say, for example, that since temporal parts are numerically different from each other, under perdurantism there is no change, but only replacement. Hawley, K., 1999, “Persistence and Non-Supervenient Relations”, Mind, 108: 53–67. Produced by ANTHRAX and Mark Dodson , … Summarily, here are two possible reasons. I think it’s quite different, quite interesting.”. There is a definitive atom which, once removed, is responsible for the disappearance of the table. Donnelly, M., 2016, “Three-Dimensionalism”, in Davis, M. Armstrong, D. M., 1980, “Identity Through Time”, in Peter van Inwagen (ed. Carnap, R., 1967, The Logical Structure of the World, (trans.) Something endures if and only if it persists by being wholly present at different times. London/New York: Macmillan/St Martin’s Press. Casati, R. and Varzi, A., 2014, “Events”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). But others have taken it as a reason to look for other ways of making sense of endurantism (Fine 2006, Hawthorne 2008, Hofweber and Velleman 2011, Costa 2017, Simons 2000a). Email: damiano.costa@usi.ch Casati, R. and Varzi, A., 1999, Parts and Places, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Time (Remastered) 02. For example, a single poker would not change for the simple fact of having hot parts and cold parts: mereological heterogeneity is not change. It’s the longest song and does get repetitive after a while. Putative differences between objects and events will then either be considered irrelevant when it comes to metaphysics—for example because they are merely linguistic differences which do not reflect any underlying significant difference in reality—or in any case not enough to imply that objects and events belong to different ontological categories. Indeed, often the ontological commitments of the stage view and of perdurantism are perfectly aligned. Just like perdurantism requires the systematic coming into existence of new temporal parts, so the stage view requires the systematic coming into existence of new instantaneous stages. The Persistence of Time Mask 3 Pack is a package of three cotton masks with two elastic ear loops each and images inspired by Persistence of Time. Persistence of Time is the last album with Joey Belladonna, and he gives it his all on this album. Available exclusively on disc and vinyl, the CD package will include two CDs and one DVD, the vinyl edition offers four LPs, as well as revised cover art that reflects what had been the album’s original visual concept. For example, if a hot poker becomes cold, it is not the persisting poker itself which is hot and cold. That strikes me as obviously false (Thomson 1983, 213). The endurantist might accept the alleged oddity that comes with interpreting these cases of indeterminacy as either epistemic or ontic and try to live with it. Produced by ANTHRAX and Mark Dodson , … (ed. (Once again, here, by “timeless” we simply mean that the notion is not relativized to a time, and not that what exemplifies the notion is in any sense timeless, or outside time.). However, at least some endurantists, those who are also presentists, might resist this switch and stick to the timeless notion of parthood. The consensus is that there are in fact several ways of persisting through time. Strawson, P. F., 1959, Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics, London: Methuen. Amazon Price New from Used from Audio CD, Remixes included, Aug. 21 2020 "Please retry" CDN$ 26.42 . However, after the accident, Tibbles and Tib end up sharing the same exact location and end up sharing all parts. Ordinary persisting objects do not have temporal parts. For example, an entity at a time is perfectly similar to itself at the same time.). (Brink 1997, Hawley 2001, Sider 2001, Varzi 2003). The stage viewer will typically reply that acting, reflecting, pondering, making decisions and so on do not require a persisting subject. Mixed at … 2000, “Enduring and Perduring Objects in Minkowski Space-Time”, Philosophical Studies, 99, pp. Mackie, P., 2008, “Coincidence and Identity”, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 62: 151-176. And, of course, no violation of LNC or LL would follow, insofar as Socrates’ being sick and healthy would be two incompatible relations involving different relata (compare: no contradiction follows from the fact that I love Sam and I do not love Maria). But if that is the case and they are numerically different, what could account for their numerical difference? As long as the statue exists, the statue and the lump of clay coincide both mereologically and locatively: they are exactly located at the same spatial region and they share all parts. 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